In order to distinguish individual chromosomes from each other in the complement, many chromosome banding techniques such as C-banding, G-banding, N-banding, Q-banding and R-banding have been attempted. Similarity in morphology among some pairs of chromosomes in cells seems a common feature in many plant species. Before an effective study can take place, clarification of the constitution of the chromosomes in the material aneuploid is a prerequisite. Aneuploids are different from euploids based on the possession of more or less number of chromosomes and are a unique germplasm resource for genetic studies. purpurea seems easy because aneuploid individuals are known to exist naturally in Asteraceae, the family to which E. , triploid plants were obtained by conventional crossing method between diploid and tetraploid plants while aneuploids were obtained by crossing between diploid and triploid plants (unpublished results). purpurea by in vitro colchicine treatment of diploid explants (Nilanthi et al. Following the success in obtaining tetraploid E. Ploidy breeding which includes polyploids and aneuploids has been proved to be a feasible method for many plant species. cannot be used to identify every chromosome in the species. purpurea, the karyotype established by Qu et al. However, due to the high similarity in the morphology of some pairs of the chromosomes in E. angustifoli, based on the difference in the centromere’s position of chromosome pair 10 between the two species. Purpurea from another Echinacea species, E. it has been used successfully to differentiate E. purpurea was first established by Qu et al. The karyotypes of Echinacea species have been reported to be quite similar. purpurea plants are diploids with 22 chromosomes in somatic cells. Purple coneflower ( Echinacea purpurea L.) is native to North America and has important pharmaceutical and ornamental values. The methods established in this study might be used for the identification of chromosome constitution in aneuploid E. By classifying the chromosomes into groups and judging the C-bands, each chromosome could be identified. purpurea could be stained with Giemsa to bear C-bands. The chromosome 4 was the only chromosome where intercalary bands were absent. Intercalary bands were found mainly in the long arm of some chromosomes with only two exceptions, the chromosomes 1 and 2 that had intercalary bands on both arms. Telomeric bands appeared most frequently in almost all the chromosomes with only two exceptions, the short arm of the chromosome 9 and the long arm of the chromosome 10. The established karyotype with C-bands showed that all the 11 pairs of chromosomes possessed centromeric bands. The objectives of this study are to develop and evaluate the Giemsa C-banding technique for the purpose of identifying the individual chromosomes in Echinacea purpurea. The karyotype has already been established for purple coneflower ( Echinacea purpurea L.), but due to the high similarity in the morphology of several pairs of chromosomes in this species, it cannot be used to identify individual chromosomes in its own complement. Aneuploid ermpglasm is an important resource for genetic studies and identification of individual chromosomes in the cells of the aneuploid is an important step.
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